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INDEPENDENT COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES--CREATING A CRISISFINAL WARNING: A HISTORY OF THE NEW WORLD ORDER |
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by David Allen Rivera www.viewfromthewall.com INDEPENDENT COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES The Toronto Globe and Mail, on April 7, 1980, reported the story of a conference to be hosted by Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau, that fall, which would "reshape global structures." The Summit, known as the "North-South Dialogue," was sponsored by the Independent Commission on International Development Issues, and was to include President Carter, and West Germany's Helmut Schmidt. The Commission, consisted of 18 members, had been established in December, 1977, and was chaired by former West German Chancellor Willy Brandt. In 1980, they published a 380-page report called North-South: A Program for Survival, which called for the "instant" redistribution of wealth from the richer, to poorer nations, and a stepping up of world disarmament. They wanted "greater power for the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank." Their rationale was that the "transfer of wealth must be tackled, not out of charity, but to ward off economic collapse...Hence, the global super summit now. Worldwide security is not achieved by granting more aid, but by reshaping global structures, by greater regionalized planning and development." REGIONAL GOVERNMENT On April 21, 1935, the New York Times magazine published a plan in which the states would merge into new units called Federal Regions, that would be controlled from Washington, DC. In 1959, Nelson Rockefeller called for an Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR), which became a federally-funded Rockefeller think-tank within Congress to prepare a working formula for the concept. The ACIR analyzed information produced by the Public Administration Clearing House (also known as the " 1313 " ) and translated it into legislation to develop regional government, which would usurp the power of the local government. The Clearing House, located at the Rockefeller-controlled University of Chicago, represented a group of 26 private organizations which have been infiltrating local government agencies to usurp their power and authority. Some of these organizations are: National Association of Counties, National League of Cities, U.S. Conference of Mayors, American Public Works Association, Public Personnel Association, National Association of Attorney Generals, and the National Governors Conference. Their purpose is to train and place a "new administrative class" in every level of government, which will replace elected officials. On March 27, 1969, as published in the Federal Register, guided by his Illuminati operatives, President Nixon announced the "Restructuring of Government Service Systems," which called for the merging of states into eight federally-controlled regions. An Executive Order, when decreed by the President, is printed in the Federal Register, and then becomes law 15 days later. Executive Order #11647 was signed by Nixon on February 10, 1972, establishing Federal Regional Councils for the "development of closer working relationships between major Federal grant making agencies of State and local government." In each of the ten standard Federal Regions, there was to be a council made up of the directors of the regional offices of the Dept. of Labor; Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare; Dept. of Housing and Urban Development; Secretarial Representative of the Dept. of Transportation; Office of Economic Opportunity; Environmental Protection Agency; and the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. The President was to designate one member of each Council as the Chairman. This Executive Order was unconstitutional because Article IV of the U.S. Constitution prohibited the merging of the states, and guaranteed a government represented by elected officials. However, regional government was accepted, because it brought with it, revenue-sharing funds. Here was how the Ten Regions were organized: 1) Maine Vermont New Hampshire Massachusetts (Boston) Connecticut Rhode Island 2) New York (New York) New Jersey Virgin Islands Puerto Rico 3) Pennsylvania (PhiladeIphia) Maryland Delaware West Virginia Virginia District of Columbia 4) Kentucky Tennessee North Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia (Atlanta) South Carolina Florida 5) Minnesota Wisconsin Michigan Illinois (Chicago) Indiana Ohio 6) New Mexico Oklahoma Texas (Dallas-Ft. Worth) Arkansas Louisiana 7) Nebraska Iowa Kansas (Kansas City) Missouri 8) Montana North Dakota South Dakota Wyoming Utah Colorado (Denver) 9) Hawaii CalifornIa (San Francisco) 10) Idaho Washington( Seattle) Oregon Alaska In October, 1976, Jimmy Carter said before the National Association of Regional Councils (NARC): "I believe that regional organizations should be strengthened. If elected President, I intend first to upgrade the role of regional councils representing the federal government to assist State and local officials, as well as private citizens, in dealing with federal agencies...I also intend to encourage the development of regional councils representing State and local governments." Carter expanded the Federal Regional System on July 20, 1979, with Executive Order #12149, to "provide a structure for interagency and intergovernmental cooperation...to establish practical and appropriate liaison functions with State, tribal, regional and local officials." Each of the Ten Councils were made up of a representative from each of the following agencies: Dept. of the Interior; Dept. of Agriculture; Dept. of Commerce; Dept. of Labor; Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare; Dept. of Housing and Urban Development; Dept. of Transportation; Dept. of Energy; Environmental Protection Agency; Community Services Administration; Office of Personnel Management; General Services Administration; ACTION (Peace Corp., VISTA, senior citizen programs, and other special volunteer programs); Small Business Administration; Federal Emergency Management Agency; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; and the Regional Action Planning Commission. It included over 550 aid programs and block grants. The Department of Education was added later, after it separated from the Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare(which became the Dept. of Health and Human Services). On the same day, he signed Executive Order #12148 for the "Federal Emergency Management". It created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), an agency within the Department of Justice, which oversees all of the federal agencies that have specific duties during times of emergency, such as the Federal Disaster Assistance Agency, and the Federal Emergency Broadcast System. It seems that only about 10% of its personnel are actually involved in disaster assistance. Being that it has the capability to assume government control if necessary, they have been given police powers which some researchers believe will be used as the enforcement branch of the Regional Government- in other words, a national police force. Its purpose was to merge every community's police force, transferring control of them to a central government. This was to be done through revenue-sharing funds providing special training programs to the local police, special communications equipment, and other things. The National Guard began receiving SWAT (Special Weapons and Tactical Team) training to be part of this national police force. Located at the National Security Agency building in Fort Meade, MD, it has been reported that FEMA has been actively engaged in developing a computer database, for CAPS (Crisis Action Programs), to collect records on millions of Americans. In addition to dividing the country into Ten Federal Regions, the government has also been making plans for the establishment of a dictatorship, which among other things, will freeze prices and wages, close the Stock Exchange, and regulate the amount of money you can withdraw from your checking and savings account. The following Presidential Executive Orders will accomplish this: #10312 (12/10/51) Gives Government the power to take over all radio stations. #10346 (04/17/52) All Federal Departments and Agencies are required to prepare civil defense plans. #10995 (02/16/62) Gives Government the power to take over all communications and media. #10997 (02/16/62)Gives Government the power to take over all energy and power sources such as electricity, petroleum and natural gas. #10998 (02/16/62) Gives Government the power to take over farms, farmmachinery, and food sources; including production, manufacturing, processing, distribution, and retailing. #10999 (02/16/62) Gives Government the power to take over all modes of transportation, seaports, highways, etc. #11000 (02/16/62) Gives Government the authority to mobilize citizens into work forces under Government supervision. #11001 (02/16/ 62 ) Gives Government the power to take over all health, welfare and educational functions. #11002 (02/16/62) The Postmaster General will be responsible for registering all Americans. #11003 (02/16/62)Gives Government the power to take over all airports and aircraft. #11004 (02/16/62)Gives Government the power to take over housing and financial institutions, to relocate communities, to erect new housing with public funds, to declare areas to be abandoned because they are unsafe, and to establish new locations for the population. #11005 (02/16/62)Gives Government the power to take over all railroads, inland waterways, and public storage facilities. #11051 (09/27/62)Authorization for Executives Orders to be put into effect during times of international, economic, or financial crisis, and for the Office of Emergency Planning to carry them out. #11310 (10/11/66)Gives Government the power to use all prisons to administer medical treatment, for mass feeding, and housing. Executive Order #111490 (10/28/69) was amended by the 36-page Executive Order #11921(6/11/76), which consolidated the following Executive Orders: #10312, #10346, #10997-#11005, #110087-#11095, and #11310. It assigned emergency preparedness functions to most Federal Departments and Agencies to assure the "continuity of the Federal Government." On the heels of these provisions for a dictatorship, a meeting arranged by Nelson Rockefeller, was held from April 5-8, 1976 in Philadelphia with representatives from the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, the League of Women Voters, the National Council of Churches, National Urban League, NAACP, United Auto Workers, Common Cause, and various other University professors and governmental experts, to study our present Constitution to see if it could be modernized and improved. On January 30, 1976, came the announcement of "A Declaration of Interdependence", a document which endorsed a one-world government. The announcement was made at a meeting held at Philadelphia's Independence Hall, which was sponsored by the World Affairs Council (and had stemmed from a five point program they had announced in September, 1975). The meeting was funded with a $100,000 grant from the Pennsylvania Bicentennial Committee. The document, written by CFR member Henry Steele Comsmager, began with this sentence: "Two centuries ago our forefathers brought forth a new nation; now we must join with others to bring forth a new world order." It was signed by 24 U.S. Senators and 80 U.S. Representatives, such as: Sen. Alan Cranston (D-CA, CFR), Sen. Jacob Javits (R-NY), Sen. Hubert Humphrey (D-MN), Sen. George McGovern (D-SD), Sen. William Proxmire (D-WI), Sen. Charles Mathias (CFR), Sen. Clairborne Pell (CFR), Rep. Paul Simon, Rep, Patricia Shroeder, Rep. Louis Stokes, Rep. Les Aspin (former Secretary of Defense under Clinton), Rep. John B. Anderson (R-IL), and Rep. Morris K. Udall (D-AZ). This document went through further drafts, and in 1984, it was presented by the Committee on a Constitutional System as an alternative to the existing Constitution. One of the group's Board members, James MacGregor Burns, a history professor, said: "If we are to turn the founders upside down...we must directly confront the constitutional structure they erected." About a third of the CCS Board members belonged to the CFR, including Chairman C. Douglas Dillon (former Secretary of Treasury), Lloyd Cutler (former legal council to President Carter, now the council to President Clinton), and Sen. Nancy Kassebaum. Some of the other members were: Robert McNamara (former Secretary of Defense under Kennedy and Johnson), Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Sen. Charles Mathias, Sen. William J. Fulbright, and others who were associated with the Brookings Institute, Rockefeller Foundation, and Woodrow Wilson Center. In October, 1970, the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, a tax-exempt foundation in Santa Barbara, California (financed by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations with up to $21/2 million annually), published in their magazine Center, an article called the "Constitution for the United Republics of America", which was the forerunner of their new version. The principle author of this document was Rexford Guy Tugwell (who was the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture under President Franklin Roosevelt), who directed a team of close to 100 socialist educators who contributed to the project. In Tugwell's 1974 book, The Emerging Constitution, the 40th version of the original draft was published as "A Constitution for the Newstates of America", which the Ford Foundation spent $25 million to produce and promote. Tugwell claimed that our Constitution was too cumbersome and needed to be changed. He believed that it was possible to get this new "Constitution" adopted, and said: "...it could happen that the present system of government would prove so obstructive and would fail so abysmally to meet the needs of a continental people and a great power that general recognition of the crisis would occur. There might then be a redrafting of the basic law, and, if so, then it might be that this model we have worked out over a number of years might be taken into account." The Constitution calls for the States to be divided into Ten Federal Regions, called Republics, which would be " subservient departments of the national government". The document contains no guarantees of freedoms that we now have under the Bill of Rights. In an emergency, the government will have the power to curtail communication, movement, and the right to assemble. It calls for public education, and gun control ("The bearing of arms or the possession of lethal weapons shall be confined to police, members of the armed forces, and those licensed under the law"). The President will serve one 9-year term (Article VI, Part B, Section 9, Subsection 8: "To assist in the maintenance of world order and, for this purpose, when the President shall recommend, to vest jurisdiction in international legislative, judicial and administrative agencies."), and there will be two Vice-Presidents. A hundred Senators will be appointed by the President for lifetime terms, not elected; and there would be 400 members in the House of Representatives. Each of the 100 Congressional Districts will elect three for a three year term; and 100 will be elected by the entire country, to serve a nine year term, and only They can become Committee Chairmen. The newest threat to our Constitution is the Conference of States(COS). It is being peddled as a movement for the states to come together and discuss the need to balance the relationship between the states, and the federal government, in a "co-equal partnership," even though the Constitution intended for the States to be sovereign, and for the federal government to only have limited powers. The first meeting is to be held in Annapolis (MD), July 6-9, a historical reenactment of the 1786 Annapolis convention; and the second is planned for October 22-25, ( which, ironically, is the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the UN) in Philadelphia (PA), a reenactment of the 1787 convention. It is being funded by three private organizations which are associated with the Advisory Commission on Inter-government Relations (ACIR): Council of State Governments (CSG, established in 1930 with funding from a Rockefeller Grant), National Governors Association (NGA), and the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) . Michael Leavitt, the Republican governor of Utah, and a member of the ACIR, told the Salt Lake City Tribune in 1994, that he wanted a constitutional convention. In a March 17, 1994 memo, he said that our government was old-fashioned, and out-of-step with an international marketplace, and that "there was a better way." That "better way" seems to be an end-run around the Constitution, because the COS literature indicates their interest in passing Constitutional amendments. Charles Duke, the Republican state senator from Colorado, said that the COS would be the "edge of the sword that knocks the head off the Constitution." Though Article V of the Constitution indicates that two-thirds of the States must vote for a constitutional convention before Congress could call one, the COS may be planning to use the same method used by the delegates at the Annapolis convention in 1786. Within ten years, the Constitution that was originally drafted on June 12, 1776(and fully ratified by 1781), was no longer able to meet the needs of a growing nation. The delegates of Virginia, New York, Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, meeting in Annapolis were charged with the task of amending the Articles of Confederation, and were to meet in Philadelphia "for the sole and express purpose of revising" them. The need for a stronger central government was expressed, one that didn't limit States rights. However, upon meeting in Philadelphia in May, 1787, they locked all the doors, and posted armed guards; and they even closed all the windows, so they could deliberate in secret while they actually set up a new national government. Neither the Congress, or the people could stop them, Their work was finished on September 17, 1787(and was fully ratified on May 29, 1790), and the Constitution of the United States was born, and is still in existence today. Many people are worried about this Conference of States, because nobody is really sure what could happen. Case law mandates that members of a constitutional convention must be directly elected by the people, so they can act as their representatives to exercise the sovereign power of the state. Each state delegation to the COS would consist of the governor, and two leaders from each party in the state legislature (plus two alternates, one from each party), and therefore would be empowered with the necessary legal status as representatives of the people, should the decision be made to turn the meeting into a constitutional convention. On March 24, 1995, Republican senators Hank Brown (CO) and Jesse Helms (NC) sponsored Senate Resolution No. 82, which would give Congressional authorization to transform the COS into a bonafide Constitutional Convention. They maintained, that without this Congressional approval, it would be in conflict with Article 1, Section 10 of the Constitution, which does not allow any agreements between States. Because only 14 state legislatures had passed resolutions calling for their participation in the COS, which was short of the 26 needed, their organizational meeting scheduled for July, 1995 was canceled. However, the same forces behind this movement planned to have a "federalism summit" in Cincinnati on October 22 with the support of the Council of State Governments, National Governors Association and the National Conference of State Legislators. It is obvious that the Illuminati has taken a two-prong approach to regional government. They have been working within the confines of the Executive Branch to get various Executive Orders passed; and they have used their various finger organizations to study our existing constitution, and recommend changes. All of their efforts may culminate in a call for a Constitutional Convention, that will spell the end of democracy as we know it in this country. CREATING A CRISIS Certain questions raised during the 1973 Oil Embargo, seem to point to the fact that the crisis was created by the Illuminati, as a test, to see what it would be like without gasoline for automobiles, and fuel for heating homes. During the Embargo, Maine's Governor, Democrat Kenneth M. Curtis, accused the Nixon Administration of "creating a managed oil shortage to force support of its energy programs." A 1973 study by Philadelphia Inquirer reporters Donald Bartlett and James B. Steele, revealed, that while American oil companies were telling the U.S. to curtail oil consumption, through a massive advertising campaign, the five largest oil companies (Exxon, Mobil, Texaco, Gulf, and Standard Oil of California) were selling close to two barrels overseas, for every barrel(42 gallons) of oil sold here. They accused the oil companies and the Federal government of creating the crisis. In 1974, Lloyd's of London, the leading maritime insurance company in the world, said that during the three months before the Embargo, 474 tankers left the Middle East, with oil for the world. During the three months at the height of the crisis, 492 tankers left those same ports. During the Embargo, Atlantic Richfield (ARCO, whose President, Thornton Bradshaw was a member of the CFR) drivers were hauling excess fuel to storage facilities in the Mojave desert. All of this evidence points to the conclusion that there was no oil shortage in 1973. Antony C. Sutton wrote in Energy: The Created Crisis: "Our mythical energy shortage can be dismissed with a few statistics. The U.S. consumes about 71 quads (a 'quad' is one quadrillion BTU's, or 10 to the 15th power British Thermal Units) of energy per year. There is available now in the U.S., excluding solar sources and without oil and gas imports, about 151,000 quads. Consequently, we have sufficient energy resources to keep us functioning at our present rate of consumption for about 2,000 to 3,000 years- without discovering new reserves. Even at higher consumption rates there will be no problem in the next millennium" In 1977, independent petroleum companies discovered 88% of the new oil fields, drilling on 81% of those. They have been hampered by the large corporations, referred to earlier as the Seven Sisters, who want to avoid adding to our national supply so they can profit from the higher prices. Carter's Department of Energy was established to perpetuate the propaganda of the existence of an energy crisis. In 1975, an anonymous ARCO official told Hugh M. Chance, a former State Senator from Colorado, that the Government had allowed only one pool of oil in a 100 square mile area on Alaska's North Slope, to be developed, even though the entire area north of Brooks Range has so much oil, that if it were drilled, "in five years the United States could be totally energy free, and totally independent from the rest of the world as far as energy is concerned." The Prudhoe Bay oil field is one of the richest oil fields on earth, able to produce an oil flow for at least 20 years, without the need of a pump; and a natural gas supply which could supply the entire country for 200 years. However, the Government won't allow it to be pumped out, and it is funneled back into the ground. The Gull Island find had a different chemical structure, as did the Kuparuk oil field, west of there, which meant that the three different chemical compositions indicated the existence of separate pools of oil on the North Slope in an area of 50,000 square miles. Needless to say, this seems to be an almost unlimited supply of domestic oil. Another ARCO official told Lindsey Williams, a chaplain for the work camps on the Trans-Alaska Oil pipeline, that "there will never be an energy crisis (because) we have as much oil here as in all Saudi Arabia." Williams had witnessed a huge oil discovery at Gull Island(5 miles north of Prudhoe Bay in the Beaufort Sea) that could have produced so much oil, the official said that another pipeline could be built "and in another year's time we can flood America with oil- Alaskan oil...and we won't have to worry about the Arabs." However, a few days after the find, the Federal Government ordered the documents and technical reports locked up, the well capped, and the rig withdrawn. Their excuse, was that an oil spill in that part of the Arctic Ocean would kill various micro-organisms. Williams felt that the U.S. Government was deliberately creating an oil crisis, and delaying the flow of oil, in order to bankrupt the oil companies, which would lead to the nationalization of oil and gas. William Brown, Director of Technological Studies at the Hudson Institute, said: "The President (Carter) said there is no chance of us becoming independent in our oil supplies. That is just wrong. We have at least 100 years of petroleum resources in this country." In 1976, proven resources were set at 37 billion barrels, the estimated recoverable resources were set at 150 billion barrels. This is about a 50-year supply at current usage levels. The American Petroleum Institute said in their 1977 Annual report, that recoverable crude was set at 30.9 billion barrels, and with today's technology, the amount of unrecoverable crude was 303.5 billion barrels was 303.5 billion barrels, which is about an 80-year supply. The 1968 U.S. Geological Survey reported that the crude oil potential of the Atlantic Ocean continental shelf area is 224 billion barrels, the Gulf of Mexico has 575 billion barrels, the Pacific Coast has 275 billion barrels, and Alaska has 502 billion barrels, which is a grand total of 1,576 billion barrels. Only about 2% of these areas have been leased, which at the time of the report, had yielded 615 million barrels of oil, and 3.8 TCF (trillion cubic feet) of natural gas yearly. The Wall Street Journal said that we possess "1001 years of natural gas." Only about 2% of the Outer Continental Shelf has been leased, even though it may contain over half of our potential natural gas reserves. Along the Atlantic Coast, there is a potential of 67 TCF of gas, yet only about a dozen wells had been drilled in those areas. The Potential Gas Committee said in 1972, that we had 1412 TCF in reserve; in 1973, Mobil said we had 758 TCF; Exxon said we had 660-1380 TCF; the U.S. Geological Survey reported in 1974, that we had 761-1094 TCF in reserve; the National Academy of Sciences said in 1974, that we had 885 TCF; and there were other reports which indicated that we had over 700 TCF. These sources did not include the unconventional sources of coalbeds, shale formations, "tight sand" formations, and deep underground water areas. From conventional sources, our known reserves were estimated to be about 237 TCF, and underground reserves were estimated to be about 530 TCF. An analysis of unconventional resources indicate the following yield: tight sand(600 TCF), coal(250 TCF), shale(500 TCF), underground water zones in the Gulf(200 TCF), and synthetic gas from peat(1443 TCF). This all adds up to a total of 3,800 TCF of natural gas, and with the U.S. using an average of 21 TCF a year, that would be enough to provide us with another 100 years worth of energy. That doesn't take into account the synthetic gas obtainable from growing marine bio-mass, such as the California Giant Kelp (Macrocystis Pyrifera), which grows two feet per day, and could be a renewable source for the production of synthetic gas. It is also estimated that the United States could have up to half of the world's known recoverable coal reserves, which could be about 200 billion tons- 45 billion of which is near the surface. At the time of this report, maximum production up to 1985 would have only used 10% of this reserve, even if no new reserves were discovered. In 1979, Herbert Foster, Vice-President of the National Coal Association, said: "America has three trillion tons of coal out there, ready to be mined...all we produced last year was 590 million tons. That's only one pound of coal for every 21/2 tons still in the ground. The U.S. Geological Survey has estimated our coal reserves will last us well into the next century," One reason coal development has been held up, is that 40% of all reserves, are on land owned by the Federal Government, and environmentally-minded citizens. The book The Next 200 Years by Herman Kahn and the Hudson Institute said: "Allowing for the growth of energy demand...we conclude that the proven reserves of these five major fossil fuels(oil, natural gas, coal, shale, and tar sands) alone could provide the world's total energy requirements for about 100 years, and only one-fifth of the estimated potential reserves sources could provide for more than 200 years of the projected energy needs." The Hudson Institute said in 1974: "There is no shortage of energy fuels." Antony Sutton wrote: "The energy 'crisis' is a phony, a rip-off, a political con game designed to perpetuate a 'crisis' that can be 'managed' for political power purposes," Conservative estimates indicate that we have 100 years of energy sources available, while evidence of other undeveloped finds show that we have adequate reserves that would last long beyond that. The Illuminati has a firm grip on the oil supply, and after their "test" in 1973, its obvious that oil will be used as a weapon of control. One can only wonder what would happen to this country if a large-scale oil crisis occurred. Needless to say, it would be a disaster of unbelievable proportions, that most likely would cause an economic collapse. Law and order would not exist in this scenario, as the population would fight among themselves for the limited resources that would be available, thus making the perfect situation for a World Government to step in. 
This is a crazy world. What can be done? Amazingly, we have been mislead. We have been taught that we can control government by voting. The founder of the Rothschild dynasty, Mayer Amschel Bauer, told the secret of controlling the government of a nation over 200 years ago. He said, "Permit me to issue and control the money of a nation and I care not who makes its laws." Get the picture? Your freedom hinges first on the nation's banks and money system. Freedom is connected with Debt Elimination for each individual. Not only does this end personal debt, it places the people first in line as creditors to the National Debt ahead of the banks. They don't wish for you to know this. It has to do with recognizing WHO you really are in A New Beginning: A Practical Course in Miracles, an informational study. Disclaimer - The posting of stories, commentaries, reports, documents and links (embedded or otherwise) on this site does not in any way, shape or form, implied or otherwise, necessarily express or suggest endorsement or support of any of such posted material or parts therein. I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. (attributed to Voltaire), but certainly embodies what the 1st amendment of the constitution refers to as the freedom of speech
Bill of RightsAmendment 1Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
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