by
Mark Weber
Nearly everyone has
heard of Auschwitz, the German wartime concentration camp where many
prisoners -- most of them Jewish -- were reportedly exterminated,
especially in gas chambers. Auschwitz is widely regarded as the most
terrible Nazi extermination center. The camp's horrific reputation cannot,
however, be reconciled with the facts.
Scholars challenge Holocaust story
Astonishing as it may
seem, more and more historians and engineers have been challenging the
widely accepted Auschwitz story. These "revisionist" scholars do not
dispute the fact that large numbers of Jews were deported to the camp or
that many died there, particularly of typhus and other diseases. But the
compelling evidence they present shows that Auschwitz was not an
extermination center and that the story of mass killings in "gas chambers"
is a myth.
The Auschwitz camps
The Auschwitz camp
complex was set up in 1940 in what is now south-central Poland. Large
numbers of Jews were deported there between 1942 and mid-1944.
The main camp was known as Auschwitz I. Birkenau, or Auschwitz II, was
supposedly the main extermination center, and Monowitz, or Auschwitz III,
was a large industrial center where gasoline was produced from coal. In
addition there were dozens of smaller satellite camps devoted to the war
economy.
Four million victims?
At the postwar Nuremberg
Tribunal, the Allies charged that the Germans exterminated four million
people at Auschwitz. This figure, which was invented by the Soviets, was
uncritically accepted for many years. It often appeared in major American
newspapers and magazines, for example. 1
Today no reputable historian, not even those who generally accept the
extermination story, believes this figure. Israeli Holocaust historian
Yehuda Bauer said in 1989 that it is time to finally acknowledge the
familiar four million figure is a deliberate myth. In July 1990 the
Auschwitz State Museum in Poland, along with Israel's Yad Vashem Holocaust
Center, suddenly announced that altogether perhaps one million people
(both Jews and non-Jews) died there. Neither institution would say how
many of these people were killed, nor were any estimates given of the
numbers of those supposedly gassed. 2 One prominent Holocaust
historian, Gerald Reitlinger, has estimated that perhaps 700,000 or so
Jews perished at Auschwitz. More recently, Holocaust historian Jean-Claude
Pressac has estimated that about 800,000 persons -- of whom 630,000 were
Jewish -- perished at Auschwitz. While even such lower figures are
incorrect, they show how the
Auschwitz story has changed drastically over the years. 3
Bizarre tales
At one time it was
seriously claimed that Jews were systematically electrocuted at Auschwitz.
American newspapers, citing a Soviet eyewitness report from liberated
Auschwitz, told readers in February 1945 that the methodical Germans had
killed Jews there using an "electric conveyor belt on which hundreds of
persons could be electrocuted simultaneously [and] then moved on into
furnaces. They were burned almost instantly, producing fertilizer for
nearby cabbage fields." 4
And at the Nuremberg Tribunal, chief U.S. prosecutor Robert Jackson
charged that the Germans used a "newly invented" device to instantaneously
"vaporize" 20,000 Jews near Auschwitz "in such a way that there was no
trace left of them." 5 No reputable historian now accepts
either of these fanciful tales.
The Höss 'confession'
A key Holocaust document
is the "confession" of former Auschwitz commandant Rudolf Höss of April 5,
1946, which was submitted by the U.S. prosecution at the main Nuremberg
trial. 6
Although it is still widely cited as solid proof for the Auschwitz
extermination story, it is actually a false statement that was obtained by
torture.
Many years after the war, British military intelligence sergeant
Bernard Clarke described how he and five other British soldiers tortured
the former commandant to obtain his "confession." Höss himself
privately explained his ordeal in these words: "Certainly, I signed a
statement that I killed two and half million Jews. I could just as well
have said that it was five million Jews. There are certain methods by
which any confession can be obtained, whether it is true or not."
7
Even historians who generally accept the Holocaust extermination story
now acknowledge that many of the specific statements made in the Höss
"affidavit" are simply not true. For one thing, no serious scholar now
claims that anything like two and a half or three million people perished
in Auschwitz.
The Höss "affidavit" further alleges that Jews were already being
exterminated by gas in the summer of 1941 at three other camps: Belzec,
Treblinka and Wolzek. The "Wolzek" camp mentioned by Höss is a total
invention. No such camp existed, and the name is no longer mentioned in
Holocaust literature. Moreover, the story these days by those who believe
in the Holocaust legend is that gassings of Jews did not begin at
Auschwitz, Treblinka, or Belzec until sometime in 1942.
No
documentary evidence
Many thousands of
secret German documents dealing with Auschwitz were confiscated after the
war by the Allies. Not a single one refers to a policy or program of
extermination. In fact, the extermination story cannot be reconciled with
the documentary evidence.
Many Jewish inmates unable to work
For example, it is often
claimed that all Jews at Auschwitz who were unable to work were
immediately killed. Jews who were too old, young, sick, or weak were
supposedly gassed on arrival, and only those who could be worked to death
were temporarily kept alive.
But the evidence shows that, in fact, a very high percentage of the
Jewish inmates were not able to work, and were nevertheless not killed.
For example, an internal German telex message dated Sept. 4, 1943, from
the chief of the Labor Allocation department of the SS Economic and
Administrative Main Office (WVHA), reported that of 25,000 Jewish inmates
in Auschwitz, only 3,581 were able to work, and that all of the remaining
Jewish inmates -- some 21,500, or about 86 percent -- were unable to work.
8
This is also confirmed in a secret report dated April 5, 1944, on
"security measures in Auschwitz" by Oswald Pohl, head of the SS
concentration camp system, to SS chief Heinrich Himmler. Pohl reported
that there was a total of 67,000 inmates in the entire Auschwitz camp
complex, of whom 18,000 were hospitalized or disabled. In the Auschwitz II
camp (Birkenau), supposedly the main extermination center, there were
36,000 inmates, mostly female, of whom "approximately 15,000 are unable to
work." 9
These two documents simply cannot be reconciled with the Auschwitz
extermination story.
The evidence shows that Auschwitz-Birkenau was established primarily as
a camp for Jews who were not able to work, including the sick and elderly,
as well as for those who were temporarily awaiting assignment to other
camps. That's the considered view of Dr. Arthur Butz of Northwestern
University, who also says that this was the reason for the unusually high
death rate there. 10
Princeton University history professor Arno Mayer, who is Jewish,
acknowledges in a recent book about the "final solution" that more Jews
perished at Auschwitz as a result of typhus and other "natural" causes
than were executed. 11
Anne Frank
Perhaps the best known
Auschwitz inmate was Anne Frank, who is known around the world for her
famous diary. But few people know that thousands of Jews, including Anne
and her father, Otto Frank, "survived" Auschwitz.
The 15-year-old girl and her father were deported from the Netherlands
to Auschwitz in September 1944. Several weeks later, in the face of the
advancing Soviet army, Anne was evacuated along with many other Jews to
the Bergen-Belsen camp, where she died of typhus in March 1945.
Her father came down with typhus in Auschwitz and was sent to the camp
hospital to recover. He was one of thousands of sick and feeble Jews who
were left behind when the Germans abandoned the camp in January 1945,
shortly before it was overrun by the Soviets. He died in Switzerland in
1980.
If the German policy had been to kill Anne Frank and her father, they
would not have survived
Auschwitz. Their fate, tragic
though it was, cannot be reconciled with the extermination story.
Allied propaganda
The Auschwitz gassing
story is based in large part on the hearsay statements of former Jewish
inmates who did not personally see any evidence of extermination. Their
beliefs are understandable, because rumors about gassings at Auschwitz
were widespread.
Allied planes dropped large numbers of LEAFLETS, written in Polish and
German, on Auschwitz and the surrounding areas which claimed that people
were being gassed in the camp. The Auschwitz gassing story, which was an
important part of the Allied wartime propaganda effort, was also broadcast
to Europe by Allied radio stations. 12
Survivor testimony
Former inmates have
confirmed that they saw no evidence of extermination at Auschwitz.
An Austrian woman, Maria Vanherwaarden, testified about her camp
experiences in a Toronto District Court in March 1988. She was interned in
Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1942 for having sexual relations with a Polish
forced laborer. On the train trip to the camp, a Gypsy woman told her and
the others that they would all be gassed at Auschwitz.
Upon arrival, Maria and the other women were ordered to undress and go
into a large concrete room without windows to take a shower. The terrified
women were sure that they were about to die. But then, instead of gas,
water came out of the shower heads.
Auschwitz was no vacation center, Maria confirmed. She witnessed the
death of many fellow inmates by disease, particularly typhus, and quite a
few committed suicide. But she saw no evidence at all of mass killings,
gassings, or of any extermination program. 13
A Jewish woman named Marika Frank arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau from
Hungary in July 1944, when 25,000 Jews were supposedly gassed and cremated
daily. She likewise testified after the war that she heard and saw nothing
of "gas chambers" during the time she was interned there. She heard the
gassing stories only later. 14
Inmates released
Auschwitz internees who
had served their sentences were released and returned to their home
countries. If Auschwitz had actually been a top secret extermination
center, the Germans would certainly not have released inmates who "knew"
what was happening in the camp. 15
Himmler orders death rate reduced
In response to the
deaths of many inmates due to disease, especially typhus, the German
authorities responsible for the camps ordered firm counter-measures.
The head of the SS camp administration office sent a directive dated
Dec. 28, 1942, to Auschwitz and the other concentration camps. It sharply
criticized the high death rate of inmates due to disease, and ordered that
"camp physicians must use all means at their disposal to significantly
reduce the death rate in the various camps." Furthermore, it ordered:
The camp doctors must supervise more often
than in the past the nutrition of the prisoners and, in cooperation with
the administration, submit improvement recommendations to the camp
commandants . . . The camp doctors are to see to it that the working
conditions at the various labor places are improved as much as possible.
Finally, the directive
stressed that "the Reichsfhrer SS [Heinrich Himmler] has ordered that the
death rate absolutely must be reduced." 16
German camp regulations
Official German camp
regulations make clear that Auschwitz was not an extermination center.
They ordered:
New arrivals in the camp are to be given a
thorough medical examination, and if there is any doubt [about their
health], they must be sent to quarantine for observation. Prisoners who
report sick must be examined that same day by the camp physician. If
necessary, the physician must transfer the prisoners to a hospital for
professional treatment.
The camp physician must regularly inspect the kitchen regarding the
preparation of the food and the quality of the food supply. Any
deficiencies that may arise must be reported to the camp commandant.
Special care should be given in the treatment of accidents, in order not
to impair the full productivity of the prisoners.
Prisoners who are to be released or transferred must first be brought
before the camp physician for medical examination. 17
Telltale aerial photos
Detailed aerial
reconnaissance photographs taken of Auschwitz-Birkenau on several random
days in 1944 (during the height of the alleged extermination period there)
were made public by the CIA in 1979. These photos show no trace of piles
of corpses, smoking crematory chimneys or masses of Jews awaiting death,
things that have been repeatedly alleged, and all of which would have been
clearly visible if Auschwitz had been the extermination center it is said
to have been. 18 [Furthermore, Allied squadrons were asked by
Jewish leaders in America to drop their unused munitions on rail lines
leading into Auschwitz to stem the flow of prisoners to their sure death.
USAF refused their requests.-ed.]
Absurd cremation claims
Cremation specialists
have confirmed that thousands of corpses could not possibly have been
cremated every day throughout the spring and summer of 1944 at Auschwitz,
as commonly alleged.
For example, Mr. Ivan Lagace, manager of a large crematory in Calgary,
Canada, testified in court in April 1988 that the Auschwitz cremation
story is technically impossible. The allegation that 10,000 or even 20,000
corpses were burned every day at Auschwitz in the summer of 1944 in
crematories and open pits is simply "preposterous" and "beyond the realm
of reality," he declared under oath. 19
Gassing expert refutes extermination story
America's leading gas
chamber expert, Boston engineer Fred A. Leuchter, carefully examined the
supposed "gas chambers" in Poland and concluded that the Auschwitz gassing
story is absurd and technically impossible.
Leuchter is the foremost specialist on the design and installation of
gas chambers used in the United States to execute convicted criminals. For
example, he designed a gas chamber facility for the Missouri state
penitentiary.
In February 1988 he carried out a detailed onsite examination of the
"gas chambers" at Auschwitz, Birkenau and Majdanek in Poland, which are
either still standing or only partially in ruins. In sworn testimony to a
Toronto court and in a technical report, Leuchter described every aspect
of his investigation.
He concluded by emphatically declaring that the alleged gassing
facilities could not possibly have been used to kill people. Among other
things, he pointed out that the so-called "gas chambers" were not properly
sealed or vented to kill human beings without also killing German camp
personnel or blowing up the nearby crematoria. 20
Dr. William B. Lindsey, a research chemist employed for 33 years by the
Dupont Corporation, likewise testified in a 1985 court case that the
Auschwitz gassing story is technically impossible. Based on a careful
on-site examination of the "gas chambers" at Auschwitz, Birkenau and
Majdanek, and on his years of experience, he declared: "I have come to the
conclusion that no one was willfully or purposefully killed with Zyklon B
[hydrocyanic acid gas] in this manner. I consider it absolutely
impossible." 21
Notes
- Nuremberg document
008-USSR. IMT blue series, Vol. 39, pp. 241, 261.; NC and A red series,
vol. 1, p. 35.; C.L. Sulzberger, "Oswiecim Killings Placed at
4,000,000," New York Times, May 8, 1945, and, New York Times,
Jan. 31, 1986, p. A4.
- Y. Bauer, "Fighting the
Distortions," Jerusalem Post (Israel), Sept. 22, 1989; "Auschwitz
Deaths Reduced to a Million," Daily Telegraph (London), July 17,
1990; "Poland Reduces Auschwitz Death Toll Estimate to 1 Million,"
The Washington Times, July 17, 1990.
- G. Reitlinger, The Final
Solution (1971); J.-C. Pressac, Le Cr¦matoires d'Auschwitz: La
Machinerie du meurtre de mass (Paris: CNRS, 1993). On Pressac's
estimates, see: L'Express (France), Sept. 30, 1993, p. 33.
- Washington (DC) Daily
News, Feb. 2, 1945, pp. 2, 35. (United Press dispatch from Moscow).
- IMT blue series, Vol. 16,
p. 529-530. (June 21, 1946).
- Nuremberg document 3868-PS
(USA-819). IMT blue series, Vol. 33, pp. 275-279.
- Rupert Butler, Legions
of Death (England: 1983), pp. 235; R. Faurisson, The Journal of
Historical Review, Winter 1986-87, pp. 389-403.
- Archives of the Jewish
Historical Institute of Warsaw, German document No. 128, in: H. Eschwege,
ed., Kennzeichen J (East Berlin: 1966), p. 264.
- Nuremberg document NO-021.
NMT green series, Vol. 5. pp. 384-385.
- Arthur Butz, The Hoax of
the Twentieth Century (Costa Mesa, Calif.), p. 124.
- Arno Mayer, Why Did the
Heavens Not Darken?: The 'Final Solution' in History (Pantheon,
1989), p. 365.
- Nuremberg document
NI-11696. NMT green series, Vol. 8, p. 606.
- Testimony in Toronto
District Court, March 28, 1988. Toronto Star, March 29, 1988, p. A2.
- Sylvia Rothchild, ed.,
Voices from the Holocaust (New York: 1981), pp. 188-191.
- Walter Laqueur, The
Terrible Secret (Boston: 1981), p. 169.
- Nuremberg document PS-2171,
Annex 2. NC&A red series, Vol. 4, pp. 833-834.
- "Rules and Regulations for
the Concentration Camps." Anthology, Inhuman Medicine, Vol. 1,
Part 1 (Warsaw: International Auschwitz Committee, 1970), pp. 149-151.;
S. Paskuly, ed., Death Dealer: the Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at
Auschwitz (Buffalo: 1992), pp. 216-217.
- Dino A. Brugioni and Robert
C. Poirier, The Holocaust Revisited (Washington, DC: Central
Intelligence Agency, 1979).
- Canadian Jewish News
(Toronto), April 14, 1988, p. 6.
- The Leuchter Report: An
Engineering Report on the Alleged Execution Gas Chambers at Auschwitz,
Birkenau and Majdanek (Toronto: 1988). Available for $17.00,
postpaid, from the IHR.
- The Globe and Mail
(Toronto), Feb. 12, 1985, p. M3
Summary
The Auschwitz
extermination story originated as wartime propaganda. Now, more than 40
years after the end of the Second World War, it is time to take another,
more objective look at this highly polemicized chapter of history. The
Auschwitz legend is the core of the Holocaust story. If hundreds of
thousands of Jews were not systematically killed there, as alleged, one of
the great myths of our time collapses.
Artificially maintaining the hatreds and passions of the past prevents
genuine reconciliation and lasting peace. Revisionism promotes historical
awareness and international understanding. That is why the work of the
Institute for Historical Review is so important and deserves your
support.
[Why has there been the
immense energy and effort expended to hide the real truth? Someone
benefits. Who? Seen as intentional propaganda, who are the
propagandists?]
Mark Weber is editor of The Journal of Historical Review, published
six times yearly by the Institute for Historical Review. He studied
history at the University of Illinois (Chicago), the University of Munich,
Portland State University, and Indiana University (M.A., 1977). For five
days in March 1988, he testified as a recognized expert witness on the
"final solution" and the Holocaust issue in a Toronto District Court case.
He is the author of many published articles, reviews and essays on various
aspects of modern European history. Weber has appeared as a guest on
numerous radio talk shows, and on the nationally-syndicated "Montel
Williams" television show.
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